Plot Development in Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Act II Scene 2 In Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, act II scene 2 contributes significantly to the development of a major theme, plot development, and character revelation. In act II scene 2 of Macbeth, a lot happens that will significantly affect almost all of the play and how it is interpreted in many ways. Want to know about Macbeth’s royalty and respect to his changed power hungry and greedy attitude, Lady Macbeth’s screaming confidence to desperate insecurity, and how the murder of a King leads to mayhem? Read on†¦ Macbeth, a royal man, was a great hero and leader at one time. After Macbeth had killed King Duncan throughout a growing love of power and greed he became crazy and lost all respect and changed to a polar opposite person than that of himself before. Macbeth was a well respected/laudable man and all loved him. He was thought highly of by people. â€Å"Enkindle unto you the crown†¦ Thane of Cawdor† (I.iii.121). This quote shows that people thought highly of Macbeth and that Macbeth had great potential to become the king. All was going well for Macbeth at that time. Macbeth starts to become impatient and power hungry, so he decides to murder king Duncan. This is the first glimpse of madness we see from Macbeth. â€Å"I have done the deed† (II.ii.14). This is Macbeth speaking to his wife, Lady Macbeth, who provoked and largely supported the murder of King Duncan in their power hungry race to the throne. Macbeth says that he had done the deed (killed the king) inShow M oreRelatedDevelopment of Plot, Theme and Characters in Macbeth by William Shakespeare675 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of plot, theme and character in Macbeth Macbeth is an absolute amazing novel written by William Shakespeare. In just one of his major scenes, Shakespeare has been able to successfully develop the plot, the main theme and the characters. Act I Scene III has a huge impact on plot development, especially towards the main characters like Macbeth and Banquo. Firstly, it foreshadows the future of the play and gives audience a feeling of curiosity towards the thought of prophecies coming trueRead MoreThe Start of Evil: Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Start of Evil Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare in the 1600 century. It is one of Shakespeare’s most well known tragedies, and continues to be studied to this day. It is a dark and gloomy play, as the main character, Macbeth, gets a taste for evil and kills the king of Scotland, King Duncan, in order to become king himself. After this moment there is a rapid increase of evil in him, as he starts to kill more and more people who upset him or are a threat to the throne. One ofRead MoreMacbeth (Witches Effect) Essays1124 Words   |  5 PagesHow important are the witches to Macbeth? Discuss the effects of the witches on character, plot, themes and audience. In the play of ‘Macbeth by William Shakespeare the witches have an important effect on Macbeth, the characters, the plot, the theme and the audience. They help construct the play and without them it would have been a totally different story line. The three weird sisters influence Macbeth in his acts, they effect characters lives, orientate the plot, they are related to most of theRead MoreThe Tragic Downfall of Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragic Downfall of Lady Macbeth William Shakespeare’s play entitled Macbeth is a bloody tragedy about ambition, evil, guilt and moral corruption. The story emphasizes a lot on the consequences or aftermath of the bad deeds that Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth do and the growing impact it has on them in turn. Lady Macbeth a woman driven by her assertiveness, boldness, strength and ambition for her husband could not escape the guilt that eventually caught up to her and destroyed her.Read MoreImportance Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1519 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Throughout all of history, witches are known for practicing magic and creating prophecies to predict any future. In any scene involving witches, it is important to know their role in the play, whether they change the outcome of the play or simply influenced it, and the supernatural features the play comes along with in its time. In No Fear Shakespeare Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the play starts out with the three witchesRead MoreTheme Of Paradox In Macbeth1021 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare that is about a one man called Macbeth who ruins an entire country on the advice of the three witches. Shakespeare uses a variety of literary devices such as paradox, metaphor, irony and foreshadowing to help the development of the characters in this case Macbeth. Shakespeare uses numerous types of literary techniques to make the tragic play more appealing and as a result convey the themes of the play. In the initial acts of the play, MacbethRead MoreMacbeth - Appearance vs. Reality1537 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance vs. Reality – Macbeth: Commentary Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare, which focuses on the life of Macbeth. Out of the four Shakespearean play categories, it is categorized as a tragedy, as the events of the play ultimately lead to the downfall of the protagonist, Macbeth. The theme of appearance versus reality is constantly repeated throughout the play, as it greatly contributes to the development of the plot. The idea is constantly conveyed by the characters using a pleasantRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare: The Three Weird Sisters1189 Words   |  5 PagesSatan. Indeed, both Genesis 3 and Macbeth are allegorical representations of man’s downfall as a result of the loss of innocence. In Macbeth, Shakespeare demonstrates that knowledge inspires reckless ambition, which, in humanity’s fallibility, is bound to suppress morality in favour of selfish desire. Firstly, the characters of the three Weird Sisters are symbolic of Satan, using knowledge to bring needless suffering into the w orld. Secondly, the character of Lady Macbeth, symbolic of Eve, becomes insaneRead MoreShakespeares Monk981 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Monk If there is one thing that Matthew Lewis’ novel The Monk: A Romance teaches us about writing, it is that William Shakespeare was an amazing creative author. Just about every facet of Lewis story is, at least in some part, borrowed from Shakespeare’s work. The most obvious allusion to Shakespeare in The Monk: A Romance, is the plot line of Lewis’ novel and Shakespeare’s work Measure for Measure. The story of Measure for Measure centers on Lord Angelo, who is given controlRead MoreThe Importance of Macbeth in Modern Society850 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of continuing to read Macbeth in our modern society is to educate readers on valuable lessons in life. The significance of gaining power appropriately, the fact that there are consequences for every action and the importance of justice are a few of the many life lessons that are relevant in Shakespeare s tragedy, Macbeth. Primarily, Macbeth, the main character, is influenced by his wife and subsequently has a great desire to be King of Scotland. Macbeth is presently the Thane of Glamis

Barrio Boy - 1441 Words

Alexandra Ortiz English 120 Professor DiFranco Essay #2 Sacramento Both Ernesto Galarza’s â€Å"Barrio Boy† and Joan Didion’s â€Å"Notes From a Native Daughter† write about Sacramento’s past. Both authors talk about Sacramento during two different time periods. Joan Didion talks about the mid-century and Ernesto Galarza talks about the early 20th century. Although both author’s perspective of Sacramento differs from era to era, there are differences in certain characteristics described by both authors. Galarza’s essay focuses on an immigrant point of view arriving into Sacramento versus Didion’s experiences as a native decedent of Sacramento. Joan Didion’s Sacramento is a very different place compared to Ernesto Galarza’s , for him it’s an†¦show more content†¦At the moment of its waking Sacramento lost†¦its character†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Didion 173). In other words, Didion is pointing out how Sacramento is becoming more immoral as urbanization and industrializati on occur. However, what is most interesting is how Didion expresses Sacramento’s loss of character through her own experiences. For instance, Didion describes her wonderful memories basking in the Californian sun, rivers, fields and valleys as a child, showcasing the real natural Sacramento. However, later on as a n adult when she returns to Sacramento, Didion finds that the Sacramento she has been seeking is no longer there, as a result of industrial development: It is hard to find California now, unsettling to wonder how much of it was merely imagined or improvised; melancholy to realize how much of anyone’s memory no true memory at all†¦I have an indelibly vivid ‘memory’, for example, of how Prohibition affected the hop growers around Sacramento†¦ (Didion 57) In the excerpt above Didion expresses how she was unable to reconnect with the California she grew up with because of all the changes it has suffered. She also mentions prohibition, which by definition is a reform movement that outlawed drinking because its effects on the home, in order to really capture how increasing industrialization led to the gradual loss of the traditional Californian way of life. She uses prohibition as an example to show how peoples ideas are shifting with the introduction of urbanization;Show MoreRelatedJoan Didions Barrio Boy1091 Words   |  5 PagesFrom A Native Daughter† and Ernesto Galarza s piece â€Å"Barrio Boy† both talk a lot about how life was like in Sacramento while they were growing up. In Ernesto Galarza s article, he writes about living in lower Sacramento and Didion s essay, talks about life in a different area of Sacramento, California. Ernesto Galarza s Sacramento is filled with a lot of Mexicans and other Latin American peop le living in a particular area of the city. Barrio Boy s Sacramento took place in around the 1910s-1920sRead MoreAnalysis Of Barrio Boy And Apollo 13775 Words   |  4 Pagesquestions is, â€Å"What drives us to undertake a mission?† Depending on the person, there can be many answers to this question. In the two texts, Barrio Boy and Apollo 13, the main characters were trusting to successfully achieve their goals. Not only were both the crew in Apollo 13 and Ernesto Galarza trusting, but they were brave and dedicated too. In Barrio Boy, Ernesto Galarza’s goal or mission was to learn the English language and become a good American. In Apollo 13, however, the mission was, atRead More Ernesto Galarzas Barrio Boy and Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club899 Words   |  4 PagesErnesto Galarzas Barrio Boy and Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club In both pieces of literature; Barrio Boy, by Ernesto Galarza and The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan; the authors portray families and their struggle with language barriers, even within their own families, adapting to the customs and routines of the North American society, and how the younger family members succeeded in school, work, and relationships. In Amy Tan’s book The Joy Luck Club, the theme of the American Dream, whichRead MoreBarrio Boy by Ernesto Galarza and A Place to Stand by Jimmy Santiago Baca1774 Words   |  8 PagesBarrio Boy by Ernesto Galarza and A Place to Stand by Jimmy Santiago Baca are inspired to write an autobiography. Both of these writers defend, reclaim, identify and interpret the meanings of indigenous cultures, and memory. Galarza and Baca grew up in different environments and had different motivations to get their life down on paper for readers to know their life story. Ernesto Galarza was born in Mexico. He decides he wants to tell the story of his journey from a small village in Mexico, toRead MoreNotes From A Native Daughter And Ernesto Galarza s Piece Barrio Boy1091 Words   |  5 PagesFrom A Native Daughter and Ernesto Galarza s piece Barrio Boy both talk a lot about how life was like in Sacramento while they were growing up. In Ernesto Galarza s article, he writes about living in lower Sacramento and Didion s essay, talks about life in a different area of Sacramento, California. Ernesto Galarza s Sacramento is filled with a lot of Mexican and other Latin American people living in a particular area of the city. Barrio Boy s Sacramento took place in around the 1910s-1920s whichRead MoreMacarios Noche Buena1702 Words   |  7 Pages back to a small barrio in a distant province, to a particular time, to a certain Christmas day. He saw a little boy going to his godfathers. He was wearing chinelas for the first time; they were red chinelas. He ha d a jusi shirt on, and a small buri hat. The little boy kissed his godfathers hand. The godfather took a little drum from a package and gave it to the boy, together with a half-peso piece. The little boy was himself. He was hum playing boy, together with little boys dressed in the sameRead MoreThe Church Bus1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe church bus -- which had been named La Ranfla del Barrio, by the assortment of Mexican and Central American high school kids on board -- pulled up around 6:30 a.m. Most of the kids on board, had arrived around 5:30 a.m. Most of the high school seniors had never left their barrios, much less taken a bus to a protest. Marcy climbed onto the bus beside the high school students from subsidized apartments in San Francisco, muttering to herself – What the hell am I doing, now? She glanced aroundRead MoreNative Community Life in Invasion by Benjamin Percy and The Barrio by Robert Ramirez1090 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Percy he shows his anger towards others that come to his native town in Bend, Oregon because he feels some sort of invasion causing his town to become transformed by others. In â€Å"The Barrio† by Robert Ramirez he describes his barrio colorful meaning every house has its own story and he would not leave his barrio for any reason because he loves it. As a child you do many things that are horrible but you do them because you either do not care or do not know the consequences to their actions. PercyRead MoreThe Comedic Value of the Play, Pseudolus724 Words   |  3 Pagesnonchalantly dominating the leaders. He does not use his intelligence and abilities to favor himself, all that he does, he does for the benefit of others, although often the plans he introduces profit himself at the same time. Calidorus is the pretty rich boy that has no thought other than what he desires next. His only concern is freeing his love. He is rich, but has no power. Calidorus is pleasant and his moaning adds a lot of comedy to the play, but he is not a dominant character, never a driving forceRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Annie Johnsons Short Story809 Words   |  4 PagesAnnie Johnson have determination and never abandon their objectives, and diligently pursue them. In the short story â€Å"New Directions† it discusses about a woman named Annie Johnson, who is big-boned, and it is her goal to work to support her two infant boys. In the excerpt â€Å"New Direction† paragraph 7 it affirms, â€Å"Most workers had brought their lunches of pinto beans and biscuits or crackers, onions and cans of sardines, but they were tempted by the hot meat pies which Annie ladled out of the fat. She

Journal Of Business And European Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Business And European Management? Answer: Introduction An important assertion regarding financial report is that it provides the snapshot for the financial position for the organizations particularly the statement of financial position. Three major items form the part of the balance sheet namely the assets, liabilities and owners equity. In the present context the latest financial report of Fletcher Building Ltd is undertaken for the financial year of 2017 for conducting the analysis. Under the heads of Equity Fletcher Building Ltd has reported capital and reserve (Szbilir, Kula and Baykut 2015). During the year 2016, the amount of equity reported by the company stood 2650 while in the subsequent year of 2017 the amount of equity stood 2678. Similarly, under the heads of equity there also consisted of reserve. The reserve for Fletcher Building Ltd stood $1,041 in the year 2016 while in the following year of 2017 the Reserve stood 2,678 respectively. The primary objective of issuing equity shares by Fletcher Building Ltd was to raise the capital. The method of computing the issued capital is multiplying the total amount of the outstanding shares with the total amount of equity shares (Badenhorst, and Ferreira 2016). Fletcher Building Ltd the issued shares at the begging of the year standing 692,501,249 and under the dividend reinvestment plan the company issued 3,419,925 with total amount of share that is issued during the year stood 695,921,925. Another item under the heads of equity stands Reserve. Reserve is regarded as the amount that is paid to the shareholders beside the basic price of the shares. The total amount of reserve stated by the corporation stood $1,041 in the year 2016 while in the following year it declined to $878. This is because the variations in exchange originating from the translation of entities and other currency instrument designed in the form of hedge of investments is identified in directly to the currency translation reserve (Chytis 2015). Additionally, whenever the derivative financial instrument is designated in the form of hedge of variations in the cash flow of assets the effective portion of the gain or loss is identified directly in the cash flow hedge reserve within equity and immediate earnings. The execution of business operations requires organizations to experience different types of operating expenditure, selling and administrative expenditure and other miscellaneous expenditure. Tax expenditure is regarded as one of the essential part of the business expenditure. Tax expenditure can be defined as the expenditure or the liability that is owned to the federal, state or provincial and municipal governments (Wang, Butterfield and Campbell 2016). Tax expenditure is computed by multiplying the adequate tax rate with the business income generated prior to tax after taking into the account the factor such as the non-deductible items, tax assets and tax liabilities. As evident from the current context of the Fletcher Building Ltd tax expenses reported by the company stood for the year ended 2016 stood $131 million whereas in the subsequent year of 2017 the income tax expenditure that is reported by the company stood $57 million. It is vital for the Fletcher Building Ltd to determine the tax computations appropriately and make a payment based on the yearly basis (Lubbe, Modack and Watson 2014). In the present context, it is necessary for the company to make payment to the income tax expenditure to both the federal and statement government. Firms are required to pay tax at the rate of 30%. As evident from the latest financial report of the firm Fletcher Building Ltd stated that the tax expenditure of $57 million represents an effective tax rate of 35% that has been particularly influenced by the significant items reporting in the financial year (Jordan 2016). The income tax rate excludes the significant items with effective tax rate of 20%. As evident from the annual report of Fletcher Building Ltd the organizations profit before tax during the year 2016 stood $719 million while in the subsequent year of 2017 the earnings before tax for Fletcher Building Ltd stood $273 million (White 2014). The income tax rate for the corporation stood 35% for the year 2017. In the income statement of the Fletcher Building Ltd the actual tax rate for the business stood 35% while in the subsequent year of 2016 the company reported an effective tax rate of 22%. This represents a differences in the tax expenditure for Fletcher Building Ltd. As evident from the tax differences the reconciliation of the income tax expenditure represents numerous factors that contribute to such differences in the income tax expenditure (Bradbury and Mear 2017). The primary factor that resulted in differences between the Australian and international tax rate is the differences in the tax rate. The overseas tax rate is lower than the Australian tax rate. Another factor that is accountable for the variations in the tax rate is the non-deductible amount of depreciation and the amortization. As evident from the financial report of the organization is the depreciation and the amortization from the expenditure of tax is deducted along with the interest paid. Because of this $99 million of cash tax paid is deducted from the depreciation and amortization expenditure (Zhou 2016). This expenditure represents the deductible items from the profit of the organization. Additionally, from the operating earnings before significant items is deducted from the tax expenditure. Deferred tax liability and the deferred tax asset are viewed as the most important element the statement of financial position. A deferred tax liability can be regarded as the account of an organization balance sheet that result in provisional differences amid the organization bookkeeping and tax carrying values (Reid and Myddelton 2017). The deferred tax liability represents the anticipated and enacted income tax rate along with the projected amount of tax that is payable for the present year. Deferred tax asset on the other hand represents an accounting term where the company has paid in excess the taxes or it has paid the levies in advance on its balance sheet. These deferred tax asset amount are eventually returned to the business as the tax relief with the amount that is overpaid stands as the asset for the organization (Jaya 2016). As evident from the current financial report of the Fletcher Building Ltd the deferred tax asset reported by the company for the financial year 2016 stood $24 million while in the subsequent year of 2017 the deferred tax asset stood $52 million. The deferred tax asset has increased in the subsequent year of 2017, this is because the tax losses for which the no deferred tax asset was recognized. On the other hand, the deferred tax liabilities for the firm stood $58 million while in the subsequent year of 2017 the deferred tax liabilities stood $47 million (Kirchler and Hoelzl 2017). The fall in the deferred tax liability represents $69 milli on relating to the Iplex Australia where the goodwill and the brands of the company have been impaired. Fletcher Building Ltd Has Offset the impairment of the brands with the reversal of $11 million that was related to the deferred tax liability through the tax expenditure. Deferred tax is identified based on the provisional differences among the carrying value of the assets and the liabilities (Saad 2014). The taxable value apart from the circumstances when the deferred tax liability originates from the early identification of the goodwill or the asset and liability in the transaction, which is not the trade combination. Similarly, the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liability neither creates an impact on the accounting profit nor it creates an impact on the profit and loss. During the procedure of tax treatment current tax assets, current tax liabilities and income tax payable are regarded as the important factors. During the year 2016 Fletcher Building Ltd reported a current tax asset of $2 million while in the subsequent year of 2017 the current tax assets stood $15 million (Piketty 2015). As evident from the annual report of Fletcher Building Ltd the provision for current tax represents the anticipated amount because of the payment made by the group during the 12 months period. The current tax liabilities on the other hand stood $26 million during the year 2016 while in the subsequent year of 2017 the current tax liabilities stood $30 million. As evident from the annual report it is evident that there prevails a differences in the income tax expenditure and income tax payable. Consequently, from the tax figures reported by the company the current tax liabilities represents the income tax that is payable for the income year and the same is payable in regard to the earlier year (Khan and Gedamkar 2015). Accordingly, the situation is entirely different in respect of the income tax expenditure. The income tax expenditure is regarded as the liability for Fletcher Building Ltd since the amount of tax is computed on the present year revenue generated by the firm. Therefore, this result in high differences amid the concepts of income tax payable and the income tax expenditure. Organizations generally provide information relating to the income tax expenditure in the statement of income along with the statement of cash flows. In agreement with the income tax expenditure Fletcher Building Ltd reported a differences in income tax expenditure and income tax paid. The statement of cash flow provides that the company paid the income tax amount of $99 however the tax expenditure reported by Fletcher Building Ltd for the year 2017 stood 57 million. Evidently it is found that the figures of tax are different amount of tax in both the statement of cash flow and income statement. The operating income before the significant items stood $525 million the amount of tax paid standing $99 million (Fletcherbuilding.com 2018). The income tax payable falls under the heads of current tax liabilities. Because of this, Fletcher Building Ltd reported the payment of the income tax payable in the cash flow statement and this primarily contributed to the differences in the statement of cash flow. Along with this, there are different forms of deductible and non-deductible items, which cannot be included in the cash flow statement since the reconciliation of the items is conducted in the later stages. Because of this, the amount of income tax paid provided in the statement of the cash flow represents is less in comparison to the tax expense reported in the income statement. Hence, the above stated reasons are accountable for creating the differences among the income tax reported in the cash flow and income statement. As evident from the analysis of the financial report of the Fletcher Building Ltd an important consideration can be paid regarding the treatment of the tax expenditure and tax paid. As evident from the analysis, it can be stated that the Fletcher Building Ltd has interestingly computed the tax expenditure. In agreement with the reconciliation, relating to tax the company has taken into the considerations the necessary factors that has contributed to the differences in the tax reconciliation. Interestingly considering the differences of the income tax relating to current and deferred tax. The annual report provides that the business project the provision of the current tax with the amount that is due for the payment during the next fiscal year. Interestingly the provision for the deferred tax is computed by using the balance sheet liability technique. Furthermore, the deferred tax is identified based on the temperance variances reported by the company on the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities along with the assessable value. It is understood that the deferred tax is not identified based on the temporary differences and tax losses unless the recovery becomes probable. Further the learnings from the annual report provides that there is no significant amount of deferred tax liabilities is recorded relating to the undistributed amount of profits of the subsidiaries and associates. Apart from these learnings can be gained relating to the fact of the differences in the treatment of tax for every nation. Reference List: Badenhorst, W.M. and Ferreira, P.H., 2016. The Financial Crisis and the Value?relevance of Recognised Deferred Tax Assets.Australian Accounting Review,26(3), pp.291-300. Bradbury, M.E. and Mear, K.M., 2017. Interpreting the Impact of IFRS Adoption.Australian Accounting Review,27(2), pp.214-219. Chytis, E., 2015, February. Deferred Tax Assets from unused Tax Losses under the prism of Financial Crisis. InInternational Conference on Business Economics of the Hellenic Open University, Athens. Retrieved from https://193.108(Vol. 160). Fletcherbuilding.com. (2018).2017 Annual Report | Fletcher Building. [online] Available at: https://fletcherbuilding.com/investor-centre/financial-results/2017-annual-report/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Jaya, T.E., 2016. Earnings, leverage, and deferred tax on tax penalties and fines (case study in Indonesia).Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,5(3), pp.369-377. Jordan, C.E., 2016. FASB's New Standard for Classifying Deferred Taxes.The CPA Journal,86(7), p.22. Khan, E. and Gedamkar, P., 2015. Performance Evaluation of Equity Shares and Mutual Funds with Respect to their Risk and Return.KHOJ: Journal of Indian Management Research and Practices, pp.149-155. Kirchler, E. and Hoelzl, E., 2017. 16 Tax Behaviour.Economic Psychology,2380, p.255. Lubbe, I., Modack, G. and Watson, A., 2014. Financial accounting GAAP principles.OUP Catalogue. Piketty, T., 2015. About capital in the twenty-first century.American Economic Review,105(5), pp.48-53. Reid, W. and Myddelton, D.R., 2017.The meaning of company accounts. Routledge. Saad, N., 2014. Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, pp.1069-1075. Szbilir, H., Kula, V. and Baykut, L.E., 2015. A Research on Deferred Taxes: A Case Study of BIST Listed Banks in Turkey.European Journal of Business and Management,7(2), pp.1-10. Wang, Y., Butterfield, S. and Campbell, M., 2016. Deferred tax items as earnings management indicators.International Management Review,12(2), p.37. White, S.D., 2014. Deferred Tax Assets and Credit Risk. Zhou, M., 2016. Does accounting for uncertain tax benefits provide information about the relation between book-tax differences and earnings persistence?.Review of Accounting and Finance,15(1), pp.65